Spruce budworm outbreaks in eastern Quebec over the last 450 years

نویسندگان

  • Yan Boulanger
  • Dominique Arseneault
چکیده

In this study we used dendrochronology to reconstruct the history of eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks over the last 450 years in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of southeastern Quebec. In total, 260 tree cores were sampled from 204 beams in seven historic buildings and 12 trees in a virgin forest stand. Eight previously documented outbreaks (1975–1992, 1947–1958, 1914–1923, 1868–1882, 1832–1845, 1805–1812, 1752–1776, 1710–1724) and three presumed previous outbreaks (1678–1690, 1642–1648, 1577–1600) were identified based on periods of growth reduction. Of these 11 confirmed or presumed outbreaks, six were documented for the first time in eastern Quebec. Such data suggest that outbreak frequency has remained quite stable, with a mean interval of about 40 years between the midpoint of successive outbreaks since the mid-16th century. In addition, together with previous studies, our results indicate a strong spatial synchrony of spruce budworm outbreaks across central and eastern Quebec during the last 300 years. Consequently, our study does not support the hypothesis that spruce budworm outbreak frequency and synchrony increased during the 20th century. Résumé : Dans cette étude, nous utilisons la dendrochronologie pour reconstituer les derniers 450 ans d’histoire des épidémies de tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) dans la région du Bas-SaintLaurent au sud-ouest du Québec. Au total, 260 carottes de tronc d’arbre ont été échantillonnées dans 204 poutres de sept bâtiments anciens et 12 arbres d’une forêt vierge. Huit épidémies précédemment documentées (1975–1992, 1947– 1958, 1914–1923, 1868–1882, 1832–1845, 1805–1812, 1752–1776, 1710–1724) et trois épidémies présumées plus anciennes (1678–1690, 1642–1648, 1577–1600) ont été identifiées à partir de réductions de largeur des cernes annuels de croissance dans les échantillons. Parmi ces 11 épidémies confirmées ou présumées, six sont documentées pour la première fois dans l’Est du Québec. Ces données suggèrent que la fréquence des épidémies est demeurée stable depuis le milieu du 16e siècle, avec un intervalle moyen de 40 ans entre l’année centrale des épidémies successives. De plus, en association avec des études précédentes, nos données mettent en lumière une synchronie spatiale des épidémies dans le centre et l’Est du Québec au cours des derniers 300 ans. En conséquence, cette étude ne supporte pas l’hypothèse voulant que les épidémies de tordeuse aient été plus fréquentes et mieux synchronisées dans l’espace au cours du 20e siècle en comparaison des siècles précédents. Boulanger and Arseneault 1043

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تاریخ انتشار 2004